![]() ![]() ![]() A recent study investigated the relation of syncope and sudden death in 1,511 patients with HOCUM. If this happens, the condition is called obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy”. The ventricle size often remains normal, but the thickening may block blood flow out of the ventricle. This was linked to hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, which is more commonly referred to ‘HOCM’ and defined by the American Heart Association as: “ Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs if heart muscle cells enlarge and cause the walls of the ventricles (usually the left ventricle) to thicken. Indeed, Fabrice Muamba, a professional footballer that played for Bolton Wanderers, collapsed during a football game against Tottenham Hotspurs in 2012. This type of syncope is usually the result of abnormalities often seen abnormally fast or slow heart rates, and in more severe cases even sudden death. The last cause relates to abnormalities arising from the heart. in which independent stimulation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors led to minimal changes in heart rate and arterial resistance. A mechanism later disproved by Wright et al. Oberg and Thoren reported that stimulation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors lead to a marked reduction in heart rate and reflex dilatation of arterial resistance and venous capacitance vessels. The question is what the trigger for the dilatation of vessels? One of the classical triggers for syncope was the stimulation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors. Heat works to exacerbate this process as blood pools in dilated vessels and this triggers the fainting episode. The stimulus in this case is the stationary position which leads to blood pooling in the legs and effectively reducing the volume of blood circulating through the cardiovascular system. One common example is seen in soldiers that stand to attention whilst on parade for hours on end. Reflex and syncopeĪ reflex has a stimulus (input) and leads to a reaction (output) and in this scenario syncope is the body’s natural response to a stimulus such as prolonged standing. The symptoms typically experienced include sweating, nausea, light-headedness and visual blurring. Orthostatic hypotension can occur as a side effect to medical treatments and drinking alcohol can also lead to a fall in blood pressure and increase the prevalence of syncope. This typically occurs when relaxing in a warm bath for a long period and then suddenly standing upright. When standing-up blood pressure momentarily drops and heart rate increases to counteract the pressure change. Orthostatic hypotension is commonly referred to as low blood pressure and can occur acutely when going from a sitting to standing position. Three common causes of syncope Orthostatic hypotension and syncope The most common causes of syncope are depicted in Figure 1 and are discussed in more detail below.įigure 1. ![]() Syncope is a condition that seems unique to humans, although the search for acute models of syncope continues. Fainting is characterised as the “… transient loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous and complete recovery”. Around 30% of people experience a loss of consciousness due to a syncope event during their lifetime however, its cause remains unclear. The medical term for fainting is ‘syncope’ derived from Greek word ‘synkope’ meaning contraction or cutting off. Syncope, diet, blood pressure Introduction The aim of this article is to outline the three main causes of syncope as well as outline diets, both in terms of food and fluid intake, can be used to manage the symptoms of syncope. The three most common causes of syncope include reduced blood pressure (commonly referred to as orthostatic hypotension), reflex induced changes in blood pressure in response to a stimulus such as the sight of needles or blood and lastly an underlying cardiovascular disease or condition. The causes of syncope are many with common examples including fainting at the sight of blood or passing-out whilst coughing. On a population level, it is estimated to affect around 1 in 3 people. Syncope is defined as a temporary, rapid loss of consciousness caused by fall in blood pressure that is relatively short-lasting. ![]()
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